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Published 13th February 2025; paperback edition February 2026

The eighth century has for long been a neglected backwater in British history: a shadow land between the death of Bede and the triumphs of Ælfred, which saw the rise of Wessex as the dominant Anglo-Saxon kingdom and the eventual unification of England. But before the hegemony of Wessex, the kingdom of Mercia – spread across a broad swathe of central England – was the dynamic heart of a kingship that discovered the means to exercise central political authority for the first time since the Roman empire. That authority was used to construct trading networks and markets; develop strong economic, cultural and political links with the Continent, and lay the foundations for a system of co-ordinated defence that would be reinvented by Ælfred at the end of the ninth century. This is also the period in which England’s much-loved and studied place names were largely formed and when the geography of our parishes was crystallised.

Two kings, Æthelbald (716-757) and Offa (757-796) dominate the political landscape of the rising power of Mercia. During their reigns monasteries became power houses of royal patronage, economic enterprise and trade. Offa constructed his grandiose dyke along the borders of the warlike Welsh Kingdoms and, more subtly, spread his message of political superiority through coinage bearing his image. But Æthelbald and Offa between them built something with an even more substantial legacy – a geography of medieval England. And they engineered a set of tensions between kingship, landholding and church that were to play out dramatically at the dawn of the Viking Age.

In this, the latest in his admired sequence of histories of Early Medieval Britain, Max Adams re-connects the worlds of Oswald, Bede and Ælfred in an absorbing study of the landscape, politics and society of a fascinating century of change.

The Museum of the Wood Age

… was published in hardback on Sept 1st 2022

The Age of iron began in 1779. before that, all of human history was one long… Wood Age.

I have been on a journey through the veil of history, to an age when wood was the supreme material expression of human endeavour; when all people knew its properties and uses and its value in their lives.  I am looking for stories and objects that trace the path of human ingenuity, art and craft across half a million years: along the great cultural adventure that separates us from our fellow creatures.  Humans are, above all, a technological species and the manuscript of our evolution is bound in wood: a brain that could conceive abstract ideas and futures; a hand with which to manipulate our environment.  Wooden objects are the fossil record of human creativity, written as much in the sum of human knowledge in construction, travel, art and technology as in the discarded physical objects of the past; more so, in fact. 

In The Museum of the Wood Age I have gathered those stories and objects together into a virtual space – a museum of ideas and connections. I show how a small number of simples devices known to early modern hunter-foragers became axioms for a set of technologies that allowed humans to explore all their creative ingenuity; to fashion new ecologies for themselves. From bow and arrow to wheeled vehicles, bonfires to forges, canoes to ocean going ships; from pallets and barrels to mills and the construction of an Elizabethan theatre, this is a unique exploration of our relationship with the material that made us what we are.